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Powder Metallurgy

Powder metallurgy is a process technology that prepares metal powder or uses metal powder (or a mixture of metal powder and non-metal powder) as raw materials to manufacture metal materials, composite materials and various types of products through shaping and sintering. Powder metallurgy is similar to the production of ceramics. Both belong to powder sintering technology. Therefore, a series of new powder metallurgy technologies can also be used for the preparation of ceramic materials. Due to the advantages of powder metallurgy technology, it has become the key to solving new material problems and plays a decisive role in the development of new materials. Powder metallurgy includes powder making and products. Among them, milling is mainly a metallurgical process, which is consistent with the literal meaning. Powder metallurgy products often go far beyond the scope of materials and metallurgy, and are often technologies across multiple disciplines (materials and metallurgy, machinery and mechanics, etc.). In particular, modern metal powder 3D printing integrates mechanical engineering, CAD, reverse engineering technology, layered manufacturing technology, CNC technology, material science, and laser technology, making powder metallurgy product technology a modern comprehensive technology that spans more disciplines.

Powder Metallurgy Materials

Porous, semi-dense or fully dense materials (including products) produced by powder metallurgy processes. Powder metallurgy materials have unique chemical compositions and physical and mechanical properties that cannot be obtained by traditional melting and casting processes. For example, the porosity of the material is controllable, the material structure is uniform, and there is no macro segregation (after the alloy solidifies, there is no macro segregation in different parts of the cross section due to the liquid alloy. Uneven chemical composition caused by flow), can be molded in one go, etc.

Metal Injection Molding (MIM)

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is a new powder metallurgy near-net forming technology derived from the plastic injection molding industry. As we all know, plastic injection molding technology can produce products of various complex shapes at low prices, but the strength of the plastic product is not high. In order to improve its performance, metal or ceramic powder can be added to the plastic to obtain products with higher strength and good wear resistance. In recent years, this idea has evolved to maximize the solid particle content and completely remove the binder and densify the parison during the subsequent sintering process. This new powder metallurgy forming method is called metal injection molding.

3D Printing Additive Manufacturing

3D printing (3DP) is a type of rapid prototyping technology, also known as additive manufacturing. It is based on digital model files and uses adhesive materials such as powdered metal or plastic to construct structures through layer-by-layer printing technology of objects.

SLM Selective Laser Melting

SLM: Selective laser melting is a main technical approach in additive manufacturing of metal materials. This technology uses laser as the energy source and scans the metal powder bed layer by layer according to the path planned in the three-dimensional CAD slice model. The scanned metal powder achieves the metallurgical bonding effect through melting and solidification, and finally obtains the result designed by the model for metal parts. SLM technology overcomes the problems caused by traditional technology in manufacturing metal parts with complex shapes. It can directly form nearly fully dense metal parts with good mechanical properties.

SLS Selective Laser Sintering

Selective laser sintering is an SLS method that uses infrared lasers as energy, and the modeling materials used are mostly powder materials. the powder is first preheated to a temperature slightly lower than its melting point during processing, and then the powder is spread flat under the action of a scraping stick; the laser beam is selectively sintered according to the layered cross-section information under computer control, Then proceed to the next layer of sintering after one layer is completed. You can obtain a sintered part after all sintering is completed by removing the excess powder.

(EBM)Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Electron beam melting (EBM) is a 3D printing technology very similar to SLS, but EBM has two differences - the energy comes from electron beams instead of CO2, and the materials used are conductive metals instead of thermoplastic polymers things. Specifically, EBM typically uses titanium alloys and cannot print plastic or ceramic parts. This is due to the electric charge on which the entire process is based. EBM requires conductive metals because the technology itself is based on electric charges. In other words, the charge is responsible for causing the powder to react with the electron beam, thereby solidifying the powder.

Surface Treatment

Surface treatment is a process that artificially forms a layer on the surface of a base material that has different mechanical, physical and chemical properties from the base material. The purpose of surface treatment is to meet the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, decoration or other special functional requirements of the product. For metal castings, our more commonly used surface treatment methods are mechanical grinding, chemical treatment, surface heat treatment, and surface spraying. Surface treatment is to clean, sweep, deburr, remove oil stains, remove scale, etc. on the surface of the workpiece.

Thermal spraying

Thermal spraying refers to heating and melting the coating material, using high-speed airflow to atomize it into extremely fine particles, and spraying it onto the surface of the workpiece at a high speed to form a coating. By choosing different coating materials as needed, you can obtain one or more properties in terms of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, heat resistance, etc.

Plasma Spraying

Plasma spraying is a material surface strengthening and surface modification technology that can make the surface of the substrate have wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, electrical insulation, heat insulation, radiation protection, wear reduction and sealing properties. Plasma spraying technology uses a plasma arc driven by DC as a heat source to heat ceramics, alloys, metals and other materials to a molten or semi-molten state, and spray them at high speed onto the surface of the pretreated workpiece to form a firmly adherent surface layer. . Plasma spraying is also used for medical purposes, spraying a layer of tens of microns on the surface of artificial bones as a method to strengthen artificial bones and enhance their affinity.

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